Trees rarely announce a problem with one unmistakable warning. A new crack, a hanging limb, or a patch of lifted soil can matter more when it appears alongside other changes, especially after a storm or nearby construction. Use this checklist to notice concerns from a safe distance. It is not a diagnosis, and a single sign does not automatically mean a tree must be removed.

Start with immediate safety

If a tree is moving, partly uprooted, blocking an exit, or likely to fall onto people or a building, keep everyone out of the area and contact emergency services or a qualified tree professional. If a tree or branch touches or threatens power lines, stay well away and call the utility. Never approach, climb, cut, or move a tree that may be in contact with a line.

Walk the checklist from a safe place

Look from the ground and outside the tree’s likely fall area. Do not walk beneath hanging limbs or climb to get a closer look.

  • A new or worsening lean: Has the trunk recently shifted, or does the ground around the base look lifted, cracked, or newly mounded? A gradual lean may be normal for that tree; a sudden change or disturbed roots needs prompt attention.
  • Cracks or splits: Look for fresh openings in the trunk or where large branches join it. Long cracks, separated stems, or a split that appears to be widening can signal a structural problem.
  • Changes at the base: Soil heaving, exposed or broken roots, a cavity near the root flare, or soft-looking wood can be warning signs. Keep your distance; don’t probe the trunk or dig around roots.
  • Dead or hanging limbs: Note large dead branches, broken limbs caught in the canopy, or branches hanging over a roof, driveway, sidewalk, or play area. A small twig falling is different from a heavy limb suspended above a regular-use space.
  • Canopy decline: Compare the tree with previous seasons. Sparse leaves, branches that fail to leaf out, or dieback spreading through the crown are worth documenting, particularly when several areas are affected.
  • Fungal growth or insect activity: Mushrooms or shelf-like growth on the trunk or near the roots, unusual holes, or sawdust-like material can point to decay or pests. These signs need context; they do not by themselves prove the tree is unstable.
  • Recent site disturbance: Construction, trenching, grade changes, heavy equipment, or soil compaction near the roots can affect stability and health, sometimes before symptoms are obvious.

Consider what the tree could hit

Risk depends on both the tree’s condition and what is within reach if a part fails. A questionable limb over an empty back corner is different from the same limb over a bedroom, entrance, parking area, or public path. Note nearby targets and keep people away from any area that appears unsafe while you arrange an assessment.

What homeowners should do next

  • Record what changed. From a safe location, take photos and note when you first noticed the issue and whether it followed a storm, excavation, or other site change.
  • Limit access. Keep children, pets, and visitors away from the area beneath a suspicious limb or beside a tree with fresh movement or cracking.
  • Arrange a professional assessment. Contact a qualified arborist, preferably an ISA Certified Arborist, and describe the specific signs you observed. Ask what needs immediate attention and what can be monitored.
  • Avoid do-it-yourself hazard work. Don’t climb, use a ladder or chainsaw, pull on a hanging branch, or try to straighten a leaning tree. Tree work near structures and power lines can be especially dangerous.

A quick reminder

No checklist can confirm that a tree is safe, and some serious defects are difficult to see from the ground. Likewise, a lean, cavity, or mushroom does not automatically mean removal is the only answer. If you notice a sudden change or a large defect near a place people use, stay clear and get an on-site evaluation. Early advice can help you choose a safer next step for your property and your trees.

For homeowners in Golden and the Denver metro area, American Tree Colorado can assess concerning trees and discuss appropriate care, monitoring, or removal options.